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Company Accounts — Issue of Shares & Debentures

20% of Paper 1 marks. Master share issue (premium / discount / forfeiture / reissue), debenture issue and redemption, and the journal entries for each scenario.

Last reviewed: 25 April 2026

Share issue — common patterns

  • •Issue at par: face value only.
  • •Issue at premium: face value + premium. Premium credited to Securities Premium Reserve (SPR).
  • •Issue at discount: face value − discount. NOT permitted by Companies Act 2013 except for Sweat Equity (Sec 53/54).
  • •Application → Allotment → Calls. Each call has its own journal entries.

Securities Premium Reserve (Sec 52)

  • •Issue fully paid bonus shares.
  • •Write off preliminary expenses.
  • •Write off premium on redemption of debentures.
  • •Provide for premium on redemption of preference shares / debentures.
  • •Buy-back of own shares.
  • •CANNOT be used for ordinary dividend.

Forfeiture & reissue

  • •Shareholder fails to pay an installment → company forfeits shares after due notice.
  • •Forfeiture journal: Dr. Share Capital (called-up amount) → Cr. Calls in Arrears (unpaid) + Cr. Forfeited Shares A/c (already-paid amount).
  • •Reissue: forfeited shares can be reissued at any price ≥ (face value − amount in Forfeited Shares A/c).
  • •Surplus on reissue → transfer to Capital Reserve.

Debentures

  • •Debt instrument, fixed rate of interest, fixed redemption date.
  • •Can be issued at par / premium / discount.
  • •Discount on issue is a capital loss — written off over the life of debentures.
  • •Redemption: lump sum, instalments, draw of lots, purchase from open market, conversion to shares.
  • •Sec 71 + Rule 18: Debenture Redemption Reserve (DRR) required for unlisted companies — currently 10% of value of outstanding debentures (subject to amendment).

Formulas

Reissue minimum price
Reissue price + Forfeited Shares A/c amount ≥ Face value

If reissue is at less than face value, forfeited amount must cover the shortfall.

Capital reserve on reissue
Capital Reserve = Forfeited Shares A/c balance − discount allowed on reissue
Discount on debentures — annual write-off (SLM)
Annual write-off = Total discount / Years to redemption

Must know before the exam

  • ★Calls in arrears can either be deducted from called-up capital OR shown separately.
  • ★Calls in advance: liability; interest may be paid up to 12% (Table F).
  • ★On forfeiture, called-up capital is debited at the called-up rate, not face value.
  • ★Bonus shares can be issued from SPR, free reserves, or Capital Redemption Reserve.

Common mistakes & fixes

✗ Crediting Securities Premium when shares are issued at par.
✓ Premium is recorded ONLY when issue price > face value. At-par issue has no premium.
✗ Treating reissue as a fresh issue and crediting Securities Premium.
✓ Reissue is a re-allocation — surplus goes to Capital Reserve, not SPR.
✗ Writing off discount on debentures fully in year 1.
✓ Spread over the life of the debentures (matching concept).

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