Binomial distribution B(n,p): n independent trials, probability p of success. P(X=k) = C(n,k)p^k(1-p)^(n-k). Mean μ = np, Variance σ² = np(1-p), SD σ = √(np(1-p)). Example: 10 coin flips (n=10, p=0.5). P(X=5) = C(10,5)×0.5^10 ≈ 0.246. Normal approximation: Use when np > 5 and n(1-p) > 5. Continuity correction: P(X≤4) ≈ P(X < 4.5) in normal. Applications: Quality control, A/B testing, success/failure scenarios. Solving: Identify n, p, k. Use formula or binomial tables. Calculate probabilities. Exam tip: Check independence. Use normal approximation efficiently. Practice: Binomial problems and approximations.