Multiplication rule for probabilities: P(A ∩ B) = P(A) × P(B|A). For independent events: P(A ∩ B) = P(A) × P(B). Key concepts: order matters only for dependent events. Common traps: using multiplication for mutually exclusive events (results in zero), not identifying independence. Exam tips: check independence from problem context. Time-saving: if independent, ignore conditional notation. Example independent: dice rolls. Example dependent: drawing without replacement. Chained events: P(A ∩ B ∩ C) = P(A) × P(B|A) × P(C|A ∩ B). Verification: result ≤ minimum individual probability. Tree diagrams: organize multiple events. Applications: quality control (multiple defect checks), sequential decisions. Understanding multiplication essential for complex events. Practice with increasingly complex scenarios.