Binomial distribution models n independent trials, each with probability p of success. P(X=k) = C(n,k) × p^k × (1-p)^(n-k). Mean μ = np, Variance σ² = np(1-p). Example: 5 coin flips, p=0.5. P(exactly 3 heads) = C(5,3)×0.5³×0.5² = 10×0.03125 = 0.3125. Mean = 2.5, Variance = 1.25. Solving: Identify n, p, k. Use formula or binomial tables. Calculate mean/variance. Application: Quality control, success rates, pass/fail scenarios. Exam tip: Verify independence assumption. Use normal approximation for large n (np > 5, n(1-p) > 5). Practice: Binomial probability and cumulative problems.