Formation of LLP (Sections 4-12): Requires minimum two members (individuals/entities); each member must be partner in another LLP or have qualification. LLP Agreement essential—governs internal relations between members, contribution rights, profit sharing, member duties. Designated partners: Minimum two individuals who are partners; responsible for filings, compliance, and statutory duties. Incorporation procedure: File Form 1 (formation document) with Registrar; obtain incorporation certificate. LLP Name: Must end with "LLP" or "Limited Liability Partnership"; approval required from Registrar; reserved for two years. Pre-incorporation contracts: LLP bound if it adopts; pre-incorporation members liable until adoption. Case law: Blackstone v. Hawkins establishes formation requirements. For accountants, understanding formation critical for LLP structuring; incomplete formation may result in partner liability. Formation documents provide evidence of LLP establishment. Exam tip: Identify formation steps; verify member qualifications; assess designated partner compliance; determine pre-incorporation contract liability.