Important terms and provisions in bills and notes: Face Value (amount written on the instrument), Maturity Date (when payment is due), Rate of Interest (if specified), Drawee (for bills), Maker (for notes). Due Date is calculated as: Days of Grace (usually 3 days) are added to the nominal maturity date. Promissory Note must contain: Conditional/unconditional promise to pay, definite sum of money, drawee explicitly named, payee identified, date of issue, signature of maker. Bill of Exchange must contain: Unconditional order to pay, specific sum of money, drawee named, payee identified, date of issue, drawer's signature, clear period/date of payment. Delivery is essential; instrument is not complete until delivered with intent to bind the parties. Negotiability means the instrument can be transferred to another person who becomes legal owner with rights to enforce payment. Holder in due course is a person who receives the instrument in good faith for value before maturity without notice of defects. Such person has better rights to enforce payment than original payee. These provisions ensure instrument's validity, transferability, and legal enforceability. Exam tip: Know the essential elements for validity of bills and notes; understand negotiability and holder in due course concepts; practice identifying valid vs invalid instruments.