Standard limits (must memorize): (1) lim(x→0) [sin x / x] = 1; (2) lim(x→0) [(1 - cos x) / x²] = 1/2; (3) lim(x→0) [tan x / x] = 1; (4) lim(x→0) [(aˣ - 1) / x] = ln a; (5) lim(x→0) [(eˣ - 1) / x] = 1; (6) lim(x→∞) [1 + 1/x]^x = e; (7) lim(x→∞) [1 + a/x]^(bx) = e^(ab); (8) lim(x→0) [(1 + x)^(1/x)] = e. Application: Reduce complex limits to standard forms. Example: lim(x→0) [sin 3x / x] = 3 × lim [sin 3x / 3x] = 3 × 1 = 3. Exam tip: Create flashcard with standard limits. Practice substitutions to match standard forms. These limits appear frequently in exams.