Recent Government Initiatives boost growth, productivity, inclusivity. Make in India: Manufacturing focus, FDI attraction, Skill development, Export promotion; targets employment and self-reliance. Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-reliant India): Reduce import dependence, Domestic capacity building, Supply chain resilience, Emphasizes innovation and indigenous development. Digital India: Technology adoption, Infrastructure development, Financial inclusion, Digital payments (disrupting cash economy). Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana: Financial inclusion, Bank accounts for unbanked, Reduces informal transactions, Improves data visibility. Skill India: Vocational training, Youth employment, Sector-specific skills, Government institutes and private partnerships. Start-up India: Entrepreneurship promotion, Tax incentives, Funding access, Reduced compliance. PLI (Production-Linked Incentive): Boost manufacturing, Target specific sectors (electronics, automobiles, pharma), Global competitiveness, Multi-year incentive structure. National Infrastructure Pipeline: Large investment commitment (Rs. 100+ lakh crore), Transportation, Energy, Water, Digital infrastructure. GST Implementation: Unified taxation, Reduced cascading, Improved compliance, Border efficiency. Agricultural reforms: Farm laws (controversial), MSP strengthening, Contract farming, Direct marketing pathways. ICAI focus: Initiative objectives, mechanisms, expected impacts. Exam tip: Know main initiatives and their sectoral/objective focus; useful for understanding current policy direction.