Subscriptions are periodic payments (usually annual) by members for membership benefits. Subscription accounting involves identifying outstanding and in-arrears amounts. Treatment: Subscriptions in arrears (not yet received from members) are accrued as income in current period. Subscriptions in advance (received for future periods) are deferred income in current year's balance sheet. Formula: Subscriptions for the Year = Cash Received + Arrears - (Opening in Advance - Closing in Advance). If prior year subscriptions are received in current year, they reduce opening arrears, not counted as current income. Accounting treatment: Subscriptions shown as income in I&E Account at accrued amount (earned in period regardless of receipt). Arrears shown as Current Asset on Balance Sheet (receivable from members). Advance Subscriptions shown as Current Liability on Balance Sheet (deferred income). Doubtful Subscriptions: Provide for amounts unlikely to be collected as doubtful, similar to bad debts. Write off: Old arrears determined to be uncollectible are written off as expense. Incentive schemes: Some NPOs offer discounts for advance payment or for prompt payment; treated as reduction in subscription income. Collection procedures: Separate aging of arrears; follow-up on old amounts; consider amnesty schemes. Exam tip: Master the accrual formula for subscriptions; understand opening and closing balances; practice identifying which amounts appear in I&E vs Balance Sheet; handle doubtful subscriptions appropriately.